Gaussian Beam Propagation | Gaussian beam through thin lens
![Gaussian Beam Propagation](https://i.imgur.com/axBPWDg.jpg)
ThisisSection2.1oftheLaserOpticsResourceGuide[1].Inmanylaseropticsapplications,thelaserbeamisassumedtobeGaussianwithanirradianceprofilethatfollowsanidealGaussiandistribution.AllactuallaserbeamswillhavesomedeviationfromidealGaussianbehavior.TheM2factor,alsoknownasthebeamqualityfactor[2],comparestheperformanceofareallaserbeamwiththatofadiffraction-limited[3]Gaussianbeam.1Gaussianirradianceprofilesaresymmetricaroundthecenterofthebeamanddecreaseasthedistancefromthecenterofthebeamperpendiculartot...
This is Section 2.1 of the Laser Optics Resource Guide[1].
In many laser optics applications, the laser beam is assumed to be Gaussian with an irradiance profile that follows an ideal Gaussian distribution. All actual laser beams will have some deviation from ideal Gaussian behavior. The M2 factor, also known as the beam quality factor[2], compares the performance of a real laser beam with that of a diffraction-limited[3] Gaussian beam.1 Gaussian irradiance profiles are symmetric around the center of the beam and decrease as the distance from the center of the beam perpendicular to the direction of propagation increases (Figure 1). This distribution is described by Equation 12:
(1)$$ I ! left( r ight) = I_0 exp{left( frac{-2 r2}{w left( ! z ight)2} ight)} = frac{2P}{pi w left( ! z ight)2} exp{left( frac{-2 r2}{w left( ! z ight)2} ight)} $$
In Equation 1, I0 is the peak irradiance at the center of the beam, r is the radial distan...
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