Regulatory Mechanisms and Promising Applications of ... | Quorum sensing inhibitors
IntroductionAbiofilmisalargenumberofbacterialcellaggregatescoatedinanextracellularmucouscomprisedofapolysaccharidematrix,lipids,andproteins,whichtheysecrete(Sutherland,2001[1];Brandaetal.,2005[2]).Bacteriatendtoformbiofilmswhenexposedtoexternalenvironmentalpressure,suchasextremenutrientdeficiencyorexcess,highosmoticpressure,lowpH,oxidativestress,antibioticsandantimicrobialagents(Costertonetal.,1994[3]).Itisastateofself-protectionformedwhenbacteriagrowonthesurfacesofobjectsundernaturalconditi...
IntroductionA biofilm is a large number of bacterial cell aggregates coated in an extracellular mucous comprised of a polysaccharide matrix, lipids, and proteins, which they secrete (Sutherland, 2001[1]; Branda et al., 2005[2]). Bacteria tend to form biofilms when exposed to external environmental pressure, such as extreme nutrient deficiency or excess, high osmotic pressure, low pH, oxidative stress, antibiotics and antimicrobial agents (Costerton et al., 1994[3]). It is a state of self-protection formed when bacteria grow on the surfaces of objects under natural conditions. Any bacteria in nature can form a biofilm under mature conditions, and more than 90% of bacteria live and grow primarily in the form of biofilms (Donlan, 2002[4]).
Biofilms may irreversibly form on a wide variety of surfaces, including living tissues, industrial or potable water system piping, indwelling medical devices, and natural aquatic systems, and once it is formed, it c...